1 还是老习惯,一边看,一边添加注释,希望坚持下去,HashMap的基本源码进行了分析,内部一些接口和设计还没来得及看 2 3 一、成员 4 5 1、transient Entry[] table; 6 7 HashMap内部维护了一个内部类-Entry,用来存放键值对,这个Entry实现了Map.Entry这一Map的内部接口Entry,HashMap本质上来讲是由数组和Entry链表组成的数据结构 8 9 2、 static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f; 10 11 加载因子,加载因子越大,hash表(即Entry数组)所占空间越少,但会影响查询性能(因为需要通过链表一个挨一个向下查询),加载因子越小,hash表(即Entry数组)所占空间越多,这时查询效率较高,但是hash表所占空间较多 12 13 3、static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16; 14 15 4、/** 16 17 * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor). 18 * @serial 19 */ 20 int threshold; 21 22 5、static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30; 23 24 6、static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16; 25 26 7、final float loadFactor 27 28 决定什么时候进行扩容 29 30 二、方法 31 32 1、核心构造方法 33 34 public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { 35 if (initialCapacity < 0) 36 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + 37 initialCapacity); 38 if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) 39 initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; 40 if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) 41 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + 42 loadFactor); 43 44 // Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity 45 int capacity = 1; 46 while (capacity < initialCapacity) 47 capacity <<= 1; 48 49 this.loadFactor = loadFactor; 50 threshold = (int)(capacity * loadFactor); 51 table = new Entry[capacity]; //capacity代表数组的长度 52 init(); 53 } 54 55 2、在key对象的hashCodr()方法的基础上再做hash,避免一些不好的hashCode()方法 56 57 //Null keys always map to hash 0, 如果key为null,那么hash()方法的到的hash值为0,再调用indexFor方法得到的数组的索引值也为0,所以key为null的Entry存在数组下标为0的位置 58 59 static int hash(int h) { 60 // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by 61 // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded 62 // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor). 63 h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12); 64 return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4); 65 } 66 67 3、根据2中获得的hash值和数组的长度得到Entry对应的数组的索引 68 69 static int indexFor(int h, int length) { 70 return h & (length-1); //屏蔽高位,保证与操作后最大值为length-1 71 } 72 73 4、根据key获取value 74 75 public V get(Object key) { 76 if (key == null) 77 return getForNullKey(); //如果key为null则直接取index为0的Entry对应的value值 78 int hash = hash(key.hashCode()); //生成Entryhash值 79 for (Entrye = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)]; //获取header 80 e != null; 81 e = e.next) { //链表向下走 82 Object k; 83 if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) //判断key是否相同 84 return e.value; 85 } 86 return null; 87 } 88 89 5、获取key为null的key对应的值(注意:这里使用在链表中查找的方式,因为index为0的链表上不是只有key为null的Entry) 90 91 private V getForNullKey() { 92 for (Entry e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) { 93 if (e.key == null) 94 return e.value; 95 } 96 return null; 97 } 98 99 6、添加键值对100 101 public V put(K key, V value) {102 103 /*如果key存在则对value进行修改并将原value返回*/104 if (key == null)105 return putForNullKey(value);106 int hash = hash(key.hashCode());107 int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);108 for (Entry e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {109 Object k;110 if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {111 V oldValue = e.value;112 e.value = value;113 e.recordAccess(this);114 return oldValue;115 }116 }117 118 /*如果key不存在则新增键值对*/119 120 modCount++;121 addEntry(hash, key, value, i);122 return null;123 }124 125 7、新增加键值对126 127 void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {128 Entry e = table[bucketIndex]; //获取header129 table[bucketIndex] = new Entry (hash, key, value, e); //new一个新Entry,并将后指针指向原header,新加的Entry成为新header130 if (size++ >= threshold) //如果元素个数超过阈值,则进行扩容131 resize(2 * table.length); //扩容为原来的2倍132 }133 134 8、扩容135 136 void resize(int newCapacity) {137 Entry[] oldTable = table;138 int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;139 if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {140 threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;141 return;142 }143 144 Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity]; //扩容为新capacity145 transfer(newTable); //将所有的Entry迁移到新的数组中去146 table = newTable;147 threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor); //重新计算阈值148 }149 150 9、将所有Entry迁移到新数组中151 152 void transfer(Entry[] newTable) {153 Entry[] src = table;154 int newCapacity = newTable.length;155 156 /*遍历Entry数组的0-(size-1)的索引对应的Entry链表,并将链表上的Entry重新计算在新数组中的索引并迁移到新数组的Entry链中*/157 for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {158 Entry e = src[j];159 if (e != null) {160 src[j] = null; //for GC161 do { //遍历处理某个索引上的Entry链162 Entry next = e.next;163 int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity); //重新计算索引 164 165 /*将所有Entry分别放到应该放到的indexEntry链上*/166 e.next = newTable[i];167 newTable[i] = e;168 e = next;169 } while (e != null);170 }171 }172 }